Tuesday, March 25, 2014

PC Assembling



Assembling
Introduction
                Normally computer can be classified into two types i.e. a. Branded & b. Assembled.
                Assembled are those which are prepared by combining the different computer parts of different manufacturing company. Whereas branded are manufactured by using the parts of only one manufacturing company. Assembling is the
process of joining the different computer components into the single form.
                DELL, COMPAQ, APPLE are the examples of branded computer. Computer which are fitted by the technicians according to the users desire, are assembled computers.

Tools for Assembling
a)       Minus screw driver size.
b)       Plus screw driver size.
c)       Pliers
d)       Multi meter
e)       Pen light
f)        Mirror or lens
g)       Wire cutter


Steps for Assembling
a)       Fit the SMPS in casing.
b)       Screw the SMPS in casing.
c)       Wire the panel On/Off switch.
d)       In motherboard open the log of CPU socket & fit micro processor & log the CPU socket.
e)       Fit the CPU heat sink fan.
f)        Plug the power connecting of CPU fan in motherboard.
g)       Match the fitting holes of motherboard.
h)       Fit motherboard in the cabinet & tight the screw.
i)         Fit power supply connector (AT/ATX) in motherboard.
j)         Fit the hard disk in casing.
k)       Tight the screw in hard disk.
l)         Fit the IDE cable in motherboard.
m)       Fit the IDE cable in hard disk.
n)       Plug the power supply socket in hard disk.
o)       Fit the floppy drive in casing & tight the screw.
p)       Fit the floppy cable in motherboard & floppy drive.
q)       Plug the power connector in floppy drive.
r)        Fit the optical disk in casing & tight the screw.
s)       Fit the IDE cable in motherboard & optical disk drive.
t)        Plug the power connector in optical disk drive.
u)       Fit RAM chips in bank zero & then 1 of RAM slot inside the motherboard.
v)       Fit the modem, network card & other extra cards if you needed on PCI slots & tight the screw.
w)       Fit the HDD lead, power lead, power button, reset button, speaker on motherboard in the respective pins.
x)        Fit covers of casing.
y)       Provide main supply to computer. Enter into the BIOS setup programme.
z)        Configure as per your requirements.
aa)    Boot the computer from bootable CD.
bb)   Partition the hard disk & transfer the system file into the hard disk.
cc)    At last install your favourite operating system & other application software.


CPU Installation
Types of socket
                The main sockets types are the ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) & the LIF socket (Low Insertion Force).
                LIF socket are commonly called standard sockets. Most boards today are equipped with ZIF socket with which a lever arm holds the chip in place, & the chip pops out when the arm is raised. On a LIF socket there is no lever. Installing a CPU on LIF socket requires force push straight down.

CPU FAN
                If it is a newer chip such as a high speed Pentium family, it will generate a lot of heat. If it is not cooled sufficiently it will overheat & burn. Such chips usually have a heat sink, which is a metal grill with little fins that helps to increase the surface area of the chips & aids in head dissipation. Some heat sink comes attach to the chip, while other come separately & must be installed after the chip is in place. The heat sinks works with allowing airflow through the fins which, in turn, cool of the chips.
                Depending on what type of processor you have, the fitting procedures are some what different.


Fitting RAM
                Fitting the RAM in your memo module into the motherboard is as easy as 1, 2, 3………. If you are building a new system, you are mostly likely to use a SIMM, DIMM or RIMM, both of which are fitted in the same phafassion.
a)       Align the breakouts of the module with the memory slot/bank/socket on the motherboard to make sure you don’t try to push in the wrong way around.
b)       Push the module into the socket with a firm grip.
c)       Make sure the two plastic chips on the either side of the socket are holding the module in place.

Installing Cards
                Installing an expansion card is very simple which is as follows:
a)       Find the slot that your new card will fit into, your card will plug into one of them. See if your card is an ISA or PCI or AGP slot. Then stick it in the appropriate slot.
b)       Secure the card in place tight with the screw.
c)       Lastly connect the front panel connector to their respective pins. Each connector is labeled & your motherboard manual will tell you what goes where. You connect the front panel just as long as system speaker, HDD, power lead, power on, reset switch in the respective motherboard interface.


Checking All Components
                The hard work is done, but better is safe then sorry, so have a good look around if everything is installed properly.
a)       Are all drives properly connected to power & motherboard?
b)       Is the CPU & heat sink seated correctly & is the CPU fan powered?
c)       Are all the data cable attached correctly?
d)       Is all the connection tight & precise?
e)       Are the entire expansion card seated correctly & fully?
f)        Do any wires block the airflow?
g)       If you have build an AT system, make sure that the power connectors are connected properly, with the black wires facing each other in the middle?
h)       Depending from where you bought your case & power supply, the country settings may be incorrect, so make sure the 110-220 volts switch is configured properly for your area?


Powering the System
                First of all make sure that all peripherals are connected to the computer, i.e. mouse, keyboard, monitor etc. It is good idea to switch the monitor on first, so you don’t miss out on any information. You know what to expect, so watch the screen carefully.
                In order to get your system up & running, you need to setup the BIOS first. How to get into the BIOS & all the details about it we have covered in the BIOS lesson. So, here are just some essentials you have to do in order to get your system up & running.
a)       Press the Del to enter into the BIOS.
b)       Set the clock to the right date & time.
c)       Select the appropriate setting for your floppy disk drive. Auto detects your hard drive or set it to auto.
d)       Select the appropriate boot up sequence.
Once you have applied the all your changes, save the setting & exit the BIOS. The system will now reboot again, watch the screen carefully & listen for any beeps from your system speaker you might get. Depending on your system, the correct feed back will be a single beep or two beep.


How to get into the BIOS?
                Usually this is done by pressing the “Del” (Delete) key at boot up. There will be a message on your screen, giving you the opportunity to press it for a time period of about 2 second. If you miss that period you miss your chance & have to reboot, so watch out.
                Although, nearly all computers use the “Del” key to enter into the BIOS setup. There are still some systems around that go their own way. So, here is a list of possible alternatives we have come across of, especially on older computer, branded computer & laptops.
  • Esc key → Toshiba
  • F1 key → Toshiba/Phoenix
  • F2 key → New Intel/NEC
  • Rest twice → Dell (Branded)
  • Alt + Enter → Dell
  • Ctrl + Esc → Many laptops
  • F9 → HP Compaq
  • Ctrl + Alt + Ins → Zenith
  • Ctrl + Shift + Alt + (Num pad) Del → Olivetti
You leave setup by pressing “Esc” & choose “Y” to restart the PC with the new settings. Generally you should not change the BIOS setting, unless you know precisely what you are doing.


Partitioning

Introduction
                Partitioning is one of the necessary steps to prepare a hard drive for use. It is the process of defining certain area of the hard disk for the operating system to use. A volume is a section of the drive with a letter like C: D: etc. All hard drives must be partitioned even if they will have only one partition.
                A partition programme writes a master partition boot sector to cylinder 0, head 0, and sector 1. The data in this sector defines the start & end location of each of the other partitions. It also indicates which of these partitions is active, bootable, thus telling the computer where to look for the operating system. All system can handle 24 partitions either spread out on the same drives or many drives. This means according to DOS. DOS cannot recognize more than 24 partitions; the limiting factor is simply the availability of letters. All partition must have a letter. There are 26 letters, A:, B: are reserved for floppy drive leaving 24 letters available.

Why would I want to partition my hard drive?
                There are many reasons for partitioning your hard drive, having the opportunity to install a second operating system being one of them. You could use your second partition as your document drive, for example, so if you have to reinstall your operating system (which will happen sooner or later) you don’t have to be afraid of loosing your data as they are on a separate volume drive.
                The most significant reason for partitioning your hard drive however, is the reduction in cluster size.

Formatting the hard disk
Formatting the hard disk creates the sectors, tracks & places the file system on the hard disk. Formatting a hard drive erases all the contents of the drive. Therefore you must backup the files on the system before formatting a hard disk. You must also format a hard drive after you install a new hard disk on the system or to erase all the contents of the disk, especially if the disk is infected with a virus that cannot be cleaned by the antivirus software. There are two types of formatting:

1. Low Level Formatting
                The low level formatting is also called physical formatting. During low level formatting the system creates the tracks & sectors on the hard disk.

2. High Level Formatting
                The high level formatting is also called logical formatting. You can use the format.com to perform a high level to perform a high level formatting. The system also performs a high level formatting during the process at installing the operating system.

Types of file system
                The file system determines the way that the file & folder are stored on the hard disk. The file system format determines on the operating system that you want to install.
a)       FAT (File Allocation Table)
The FAT file system stores the pieces of file data known as clusters on the hard disk. These clusters are stored on the different location at the hard disk.

b)       NTFS (New Technology File System)
The NTFS offers high level of security for the stored files. The operating system (OS) such as Windows NT, 2000/2003/XP/Vista/Windows 7 makes use of the NTFS file system. The NTFS file system is reliable as it ensures that when you save data to a file. This ensures that file does not get corrupted when it is saved, due to any physical or technical problem such as power failure.
Note:
Windows 95/98 does not support NTFS file system.
Capacity more than 160 GB does not support FAT file system.



PARTITION WITH FDISK COMMAND FROM WINDOWS 98 BOOTABLE
Steps
a)       Switch on the computer.
b)       Insert the Windows 98 bootable CD into your CD-ROM drive.
c)       Then go to BIOS setup by pressing “Del” key in your keyboard.
d)       Then you configure your BIOS setting such as 1st boot device CD or boot from CD first.
e)       Then save the BIOS setting by pressing F10 key & press “Y” key, then exit from BIOS.
f)        Then your computer automatically restarts & display Windows 98 startup screen.
  1. computer start with CD ROM support
  2. Start computer without CD ROM support
  3. View the help file

g)       In this screen you choose 1 & press enter.
h)       Then your computer display MS-DOS prompt.
A :\>
i)         In this prompt you type “Fdisk” command and press enter.
A :\> Fdisk
j)         Then your computer display one message. In this message you type “Y” & press enter.
k)       Then Fdisk homepage will appear.


Fdisk option
  1. Create DOS partition
  2. Set Active partition
  3. Delete DOS partition
  4. Display DOS partition
Enter choose [1]

l)         In this Fdisk homepage you want to go partition. So, choose 1 & press enter.
DOS partition
  1. Create primary DOS partition
  2. Create extended DOS partition
  3. Create extended with logical DOS partition

m)       In this page you choose 1 & press enter. Then wait a few second.
n)       Then one message will appear, in this message you type “N” & press enter.
o)       Then your computer display, full hard disk capacity screen will appear.
p)       Then you type primary DOS partition size in megabytes/percentage as you wish & press enter.
q)       Then primary partition size will appear.
r)        Press “Esc” key to go to the Fdisk homepage.
s)       In this page you choose 1 & enter.
t)        Again choose 2 & enter & wait a few second.
u)       Then your computer display balance storage capacity of hard disk.
v)       In this screen you press enter.
w)      Then press “Esc” key to continue creates a logical DOS drive.
x)        Then you type logical DOS drive partition size as you wish, then press enter.
y)       At last press “Esc” key to display Fdisk homepage.
z)        In this page you show the/display the partition size to press 4 & enter.

Note:
a)       If you want to go to create the partition, you always first create primary, extended & logical drive.
b)       If you want to delete the partition you always delete first logical DOS drive, extended DOS drive & a primary DOS drive.


OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

INSTALLING WINDOWS 98
Steps
a)       After partitioning hard disk then restart your computer by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del.
b)       Then your computer boot from CD.
c)       Then your computer display:
A: \>
d)       Then go to your CD ROM prompt.
A :\> F: enter (F as CD ROM)
F :\> Win98>
e)       Type format in Win98 folder such as
F:\Win98>format C: enter (there is a space between format & C)
f)        Then press “Y” to continue format.
g)       After completing format press enter.
h)       Then display
F:\Win98>
i)         In this prompt type setup as:
F:\Win98>setup & press enter
j)         Again press enter key to continue.
k)       Then click or choose “Exit” button & then press enter.
l)         Then window 98 setup screen appear with one dialog box.
m)       In this dialog box click on continue button.
n)       Again display another setup wizard dialog box.
o)       In this dialog box click next.
p)       Then click next and so on.


WINDOWS XP INSTALLATION
Steps
  1. Switch on the computer.
  2. Press “Del” key to inter into BIOS setup.
  3. Set the 1st boot device as “CD-ROM”.
  4. Press “F10” key to save & exit from BIOS setup.
  5. Insert the Windows XP bootable CD. Then computer will start with CD-ROM support. So, you press “Enter” key.
  6. Then Windows setup screen will appear. Then wait a few second.
  7. The message will appear.
    • To setup Windows XP now, press Enter
    • To repair a Windows XP installation using recovery console, press R
    • To Quit setup without installation Windows XP, press F3

  1. Then press enter key to continue.
  2. Again press F8 key to agree the license agreement.
  3. Then partition screen will appear. In this screen if you create partition so press “C” key.
  4. Then type hard disk partition size in megabytes. For e.g. if you create primary partition size or C: drive 9GB so you type 9000.
  5. Then press “Enter”.
  6. Then choose un-partition space by pressing down arrow key (↓) from the keyboard.
  7. Then press “C”, again type number in megabytes as you wish. Then press “Enter”.
  8. If you create another partition so press above style.
  9. Then choose the drive where you want to install operating system. Then press “Enter”.
  10. Again your computer display formatting file system such as NTFS or FAT, Quick or Slow, choose as you need.
  11. After completing format Windows XP system file is copying in your primary disk or “C” drive.
  12. After completing format copying files, computer will automatically restart & boot from hard disk.
  13. Then regional & language dialog box will appear.
  14. In this box click “Next”.
  15. Then type your full name & name of your organization. Then click “Next”.
  16. Then type 25 characters product key. (RHKG3-8YW4W-4RHJG-83M4Y-7X9GW)
  17. Then click “Next”.
  18. Then type your computer name such as “Administrator”. “Don’t touch other such as password”.
  19. Then click “Next”.
  20. Then set the current date & time zone. [Time zone-GMT + 5:45 (Kathmandu)]
  21. Then click “Next”.
  22. Then wait a few second.
  23. If you have modem LAN or Modem installs your system. Then one dialog box will appear.
  24. In this dialog box tick on “Typical setting”. Then click “Next”. Again click “Next”.
  25. Then wait a few second.
  26. Then computer will restart automatically.
  27. Then welcome to Microsoft Windows screen will appear, in this screen click “next”.
  28. Again tick “Not right now” button. Then click “Next”.
  29. Again click “Skip” button.
  30. Again tick “No, not at this time”. Then click “Next”.
  31. Then type user name …….. & press Click “Next”.
  32. Finally click over the “Finish” button.



WINDOWS VISTA INSTALLATION
Steps
  1. Insert the Vista DVD into your DVD ROM drive.
  2. Boot from DVD & press “Enter”.
  3. Then wait a few second, in this time Windows is loading files.
  4. Then Windows Vista installing dialog box will appear.
  5. In this box set the language in “English”. Then click “Next”.
  6. Again click “Install now” button.
  7. Then type Windows Vista product key. (YFKBB-PQJJV-G996G-VWGXY-2V3X8)
  8. Then click “Next”.
  9. Then choose “Windows Vista Ultimate”.
  10. Then click “Next”.
  11. Again put the tick mark “I accept the license agreement”.
  12. Then click “Next”.
  13. Again choose “Custom (advanced)”.
  14. Then your computer displays your hard disk partition size.
  15. If you want to create the partition, then choose “New” button. {15000 megabytes minimum for Windows Vista).
  16. Then type the primary partition size such as in megabytes 15000 (Minimum).
  17. Then click “Apply” button.
  18. Again choose unallocated space.
  19. Then click “New” button.
  20. Then type partition size in megabytes.
  21. Again click “Apply” button.
  22. If you want to another partition, choose the same steps as above.
  23. After partition is complete, choose partition 1 & click “Format” button.
  24. Then click “Ok” button.
  25. After formatting your partition 1, then click “Next’ button.
  26. Then wait a few second.
  27. Then your computer will automatically restart.
  28. Then wait a few second.
  29. Then type a user name “PAWAN” & choose a picture for your user account.
  30. Then click “Next”.
  31. Again choose a desktop background picture.
  32. Then click “Next”.
  33. Again choose “Ask me later”.
  34. Again choose current date & time zone as +5:45 Kathmandu.
  35. Then click “Next”.
  36. Again click start button.


DRIVER INSTALLATION

VGA DRIVER INSTALLATION (COLOUR)
                VGA driver installation is essential to load more than 16 colors on monitor.

Steps
a)       Insert driver CD (Motherboard driver) into the CD-ROM drive.
b)       Click the right mouse button over the My Computer icons.
c)       Then choose properties.
d)       Then choose hardware tab.
e)       Then choose device manager.
f)        Then display device manager dialog box.
g)       In this box you will see yellow exclamation & question mark over video controller (VGA Compatible).
h)       Right click the mouse button over this yellow exclamation or video controller.
i)         Then click on update driver button.
j)         Then hardware update wizard dialog box will appear.
k)       In this box tick on “Yes this time only”.
l)         Then click “Next” button.
m)      Then tick on “Installation from a list or specific location”.
n)       Then click on “Next”.
o)       Then tick on “Search CD-ROM & include this location” in this search.
p)       Then click on “Browse” button.
q)       Again click “My Computer” icon in the dialog box.
r)        Then choose the CD-ROM drive.
s)       Then set the exact drive for e.g.
F:\Software\Driver\Graphics\32bit.
t)        Then click “Next”.
u)       Then the computer automatically searches the video adaptor file & copies this file in windows folder inside the C:\ drive.
v)       At last click on “Finish” button.


SOUND DRIVER INSTALLATION
Steps
a)       Insert driver CD into CD-ROM drive.
b)       Click the right mouse button over the “My Computer” icon.
c)       Then choose properties.
d)       Then choose hardware tab.
e)       Then choose device manager.
f)        Then display device manager dialog box.
g)       In this box you will see yellow exclamation & question mark over Audio device.
h)       Right click the mouse over this yellow exclamation or audio device.
i)         Then click the update driver button up to “Q” same as above Video driver installation.
j)         Then set the extract driver. For e.g. optical driver.
F:\Software\Driver\Audio\32 bit.
k)       Then click “Next”.
l)         Up to “U” same as above in VGA driver installation.


APPLICATION SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
                Installation of any software can be done in various ways (methods). However, before starting the installation we must know the serial number or CD key of the related software. Most of the serial number or CD key comes with the covers of the programs CD’s. We can also find the serial number or CD key by searching text file (CD key.txt, serial.txt) inside of the related programme folder.
                Some programmes like MS-Office original programme CD will automatically starts to install after inserting the programme CD inside the CD room.


MS OFFICE INSTALLATION
Steps
a)       Insert the MS office CD into your CD-ROM drive.
b)       Then double click the “My Computer” icon in the desktop.
c)       Then double click the “CD-ROM/DVD ROM drive.
d)       Then double click the MS office folder.
e)       Then click the setup blue icon or application file.
f)        Then type the serial key.
g)       Then click “Next”.
h)       Then type “User name” & “Organization”.
i)         Then click “Next”.
j)         Then tick on “I accept the license” & then click “Next”.
k)       Then tick on “Custom install”.
l)         The click “Next”.
m)       Select the MS office application which you would like to install otherwise tick out “General” (Not needed).
(Not needed) Outlook, InfoPath, Publisher.
n)       Again tick on “Choose advance customization of application”.
o)       Then click “Next”.
p)       Choose installation option for application & tools.
q)       Click MS power point.
r)        Animation sound effects click it. Then choose ‘Run from My Computer’.
s)       Again click MS word & chick on “Page boarder work art”. Then choose “Run from My Computer”.
t)        At last Office tools click it. In this option click on “Equation editor” & choose “Run from My Computer”.
u)       After choosing application & tools then click “Next”.
v)       At last click on “Install” button.
w)       Finally click on “Finish” button.



FONTS INSTALLATION
HOW TO ADD NEW FONTS (NEPALI FONTS)
Steps
a)       Click on “Start” button.
b)       Then choose “Run”.
c)       Then type fonts.
d)       Then click on “Ok” button.
e)       Then font dialog box will appear with various English fonts.
f)        In this window click on “File” menu.
g)       Then choose “Install new fonts”.
h)       Insert the Nepali font CD into your CD-ROM drive.
i)         Then choose drives.
j)         Click on pop-up menu & choose optical drive.
k)       Then select font’s folder.
l)         Then click on select all button. If you want to install fonts one by one, by press control key & choose which font you want to need.



SOME SOFTWARES KEYS

COREL DRAW 12 (GRAPHIC DESIGH SOFT)
Key- DR12WEX1504397KTY

MS OFFICE 2000
GC6J3-GTQ62-FP876-94FBR-D3DX8

MS OFFICE 2002
FM9FY-TMF7Q-KCKCT-V92T9-TBBBG

MS OFFICE 2003
QFCV7-RR6PY-PCD6D-WMHR6-HCJYB

MS OFFICE 2007
KGFVY-7733B-8WCK9-KTG64-BC7D8

# ADOBE COLLECTION CD KEY

ADOBE PAGEMAKER 7.0
1039-1121-2998-7586-7388-7545

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP 7.0
1045-1209-6738-4668-7696-2783

ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR 10
1034-1003-4400-1000-1115-2040

ADOBE ACROBAT WRITER 5.0
KWW500R7150122-128

WINDOWS 2000 PROFESSIONAL
RBDC9-VTRC8-D7972-J97JY-PRVMG

WINDOWS 98 2nd EDITION
HQ6K2-QPC42-3HWDM-BF4KJ-W4XWJ

WINDOWS XP PROFESSIONAL
RKKG3-8YW4W-4RHJG-83M4Y-7X9GW
P2882-HQ9CC-DHFYG-YCD83-BCJPJ

CRYSTAL XP
GT9BD-K2PCV-2H49X-KQ4KB-8H2K6

WINDOWS VISTA ULTIMATE
YFKBB-PQJJV-G996G-VWGXY-2V3X8


Posted by Hawa at 2:40 PM
Labels:

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)